The Information about Ireland Site Newsletter
    November 2001


    The Newsletter for people interested in Ireland

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    Copyright (C) 2001
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    		IN THIS ISSUE
    ~~~ Foreword
    ~~~ Keep us Free!
    ~~~ News Snaps from Ireland
    ~~~ Irish Christmas Traditions
    ~~~ Northern Ireland	    by Joe Hayden
    ~~~ Ireland's Heritage Plight  by Roibeard McElroy
    ~~~ Last Chance for Christmas Gifts from Ireland
    ~~~ Irish Quotations of the Month
    ~~~ Monthly free competition result
    
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    FOREWORD
    ~~~~~~~~
    
    Well Christmas is nearly upon us and there have 
    been some momentous developments in Ireland since 
    the last newsletter.
    
    The first involves the historic decision by the 
    IRA in Northern Ireland to decommission their 
    weapons. We have included an explanatory article 
    by Joe Hayden on this subject below.
    
    Less serious but just as dramatic is the success 
    of the Irish National Soccer team in qualifying 
    for the World Cup Finals in Japan and Korea in 
    2002. See the News Snaps section below.
    
    We have reprinted our article on Irish Christmas 
    Traditions as we know just how popular it is, 
    especially at this time of the year! We have also 
    published an article by Roibeard McElroy who is 
    a little bit upset about something!
    
    I hope this message finds you and yours, 
    safe and well.
    
    Very Best Wishes from Ireland,
    
    Michael.
    
    
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    NEWS SNAPS FROM IRELAND
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    
    IRA START TO DECOMMISSION THEIR WEAPONS
    
    In a dramatic development in Northern Ireland the 
    Independent body dealing with the decommissioning 
    of weapons led by John de Chastelain have 
    reported that the process of the destruction of 
    weapons by the IRA has begun.
    
    The breakthrough allowed for the reinstatement of 
    the Northern Ireland Executive (the government) 
    and the re-election of David Thrimble as First 
    Minister.
    
    HOUSE PRICES FALL SLIGHTLY
    
    House prices fell by 0.8% in October, but the 
    overall figure for the year so far shows and 
    increase of 5.7%. This compares with a rise of 
    16.55% in the same period last year. The current 
    average cost of a house in Dublin is IR£190,000 
    (approx US$210,000) and outside Dublin the cost 
    is IR£127,000 (approx US$140,000).
    
    RYANAIR OPEN NEW EUROPEAN BASE
    
    The decision by Ryanair to open a new European 
    base in Frankfurt instead of Dublin will cost the 
    Irish economy the benefit of over 1 Million 
    tourists next year, according to the company 
    director, Michael O'Leary.
    
    The decision to locate in Germany instead of 
    Ireland is due to the poor facilities available 
    and the excessively high costs imposed by the 
    state airport manager, Aer Rianta.
    
    Ryanair have already offered to build an extra 
    terminal at Dublin Airport and to give the 
    Terminal to the Government for free. So far 
    they have not received a favourable response.
    
    Irish tourism has been hit hard this year with 
    overall visitor numbers down by 10% and visitor 
    numbers from North America down by 20%
    
    IRISH SOCCER TEAM QUALIFY FOR WORLD CUP FINALS
    
    The chances of Ireland qualifying for the World 
    Cup seemed remote especially when drawn in the 
    same qualifying group as the Holland and Portugal. 
    But qualify is exactly what Mick McCarthy's team 
    has done following the two play-off matches against 
    Iran.
    
    Ian Harte despatched a first half penalty in 
    Dublin and this lead was doubled by Robbie Keane 
    early in the second half of the first match. The 
    Landsdowne Road crowd knew that Ireland had never 
    won a playoff and that the concession of an 
    'away' goal to the visitors would probably prove 
    fatal.
    
    The Iranians pressed hard in the second half and 
    had two excellent chances to score, both being 
    stopped by 'man of the match' Irish goalkeeper 
    Shay Given.
    
    The second match in Tehran was held in front of 
    over 80 thousands fanatical spectators who knew 
    that their team needed a 2-0 win to have any 
    prospect of progressing. The early exchanges were 
    tense with Iran having the better of the chances. 
    Had they scored in the first half then the second 
    may have been a very different affair from the 
    dull stalemate that it was. Many of the home 
    supporters had already drifted off home before 
    the Iranians scored from a corner kick in injury 
    time.
    
    Irish manager Mick McCarthy must have had 
    flashbacks to Skopje when Ireland were denied a 
    place in Euro 2000 by a last minute Macedonia 
    equaliser. 
    
    He need not have worried. Less than 60 seconds 
    later the referee brought the match to an end to 
    provoke wild scenes of jubilation by the Irish 
    team and management alike.
    
    Mick McCarthy was in near tears in the press 
    conference afterwards as the full impact of 
    qualification dawned on him. That a country the 
    size of Ireland should qualify for the World's 
    biggest sporting event is an absolutely amazing 
    achievement.
    
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    IRISH CHRISTMAS TRADITIONS
    
    Ireland, like most countries, has a number of 
    Christmas traditions that are all of its own. 
    Many of these customs have their root in the 
    time when the Gaelic culture and religion of the 
    country were being suppressed and it is perhaps 
    because of that they have survived into modern
    times.
    
    THE CANDLE IN THE WINDOW
    
    The placing of a lighted candle in the window of 
    a house on Christmas eve is still practised today. 
    It has a number of purposes but primarily it was 
    a symbol of welcome to Mary and Joseph as they 
    travelled looking for shelter.
    
    The candle also indicated a safe place for priests 
    to perform mass as, during Penal Times this was 
    not allowed.
    
    A further element of the tradition is that the 
    candle should be lit by the youngest member of 
    the household and only be extinguished by a girl 
    bearing the name 'Mary'.
    
    THE LADEN TABLE
    
    After evening meal on Christmas eve the kitchen 
    table was again set and on it were placed a loaf 
    of bread filled with caraway seeds and raisins, a 
    pitcher of milk and a large lit candle. The door 
    to the house was left unlatched so that Mary and 
    Joseph, or any wandering traveller, could avail of
    the welcome.
    
    THE WREN BOY PROCESSION
    
    During Penal Times there was once a plot in a 
    village against the local soldiers. They were 
    surrounded and were about to be ambushed when a 
    group of wrens pecked on their drums and awakened 
    the soldiers. The plot failed and the wren became
    known as 'The Devil's bird'.
    
    On St. Stephens day a procession takes place where 
    a pole with a holly bush is carried from house to 
    house and families dress up in old clothes and 
    with blackened faces. In olden times an actual 
    wren would be killed and placed on top of the 
    pole.
    
    This custom has to a large degree disappeared but 
    the tradition of visiting from house to house on 
    St. Stephens Day has survived and is very much 
    part of Christmas.
    
    DECORATIONS:
    
    The placing of a ring of Holly on doors originated 
    in Ireland as Holly was one of the main plants 
    that flourished at Christmas time and which gave 
    the poor ample means with which to decorate their 
    dwellings.
    
    All decorations are traditionally taken down on 
    Little Christmas (January 6th.) and it is 
    considered to be bad luck to take them down 
    beforehand.
    
    TRADITIONAL GAELIC SALUTATION
    
    The Gaelic greeting for 'Merry Christmas' is:
    'Nollaig Shona Duit'
    ......which is pronounced as 'null-ig hun-a dit'.
    
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    NORTHERN IRELAND		by Joe Hayden
    
    The recent decision by the IRA to decommission or 
    'put beyond use' some of their stockpile of 
    weapons and explosives is truly one of the most 
    historic events in recent Irish history.
    
    The purpose of this article is to give the reader 
    an insight into the causes of the Northern 
    conflict (the 'Troubles'), to illustrate who the 
    main people and organisations that are involved 
    are, and to put these into the modern context of 
    the changed political landscape in Ireland.
    
    To understand this issue we need to understand the 
    causes so perhaps a brief history of Ireland is 
    in order first!
    
    Ireland was a Celtic and pagan country until the 
    arrival of Saint Patrick in the fifth century. 
    Christianity flourished and Ireland became known 
    as the land of 'saints of scholars'. The era of 
    the Viking invasions peaked in 1014 when Brian 
    Boru defeated the Norsemen at the battle of 
    Clontarf. From then on the Vikings became 
    integrated into Irish society and it was not 
    until the Anglo-Norman invasion of 1170 that the 
    next wave of conquest in Ireland began. It was 
    not until the Plantation schemes of Elizabeth I 
    in the 16th century and the invasion by Cromwell 
    in 1649 that the widescale 'planting' of settlers 
    in Ulster began in earnest. Thousands of 
    Protestant families arrived into Ulster and were 
    granted lands that had previously been owned by 
    the Gaelic chieftains.
    
    The consequent 'Battle of the Boyne' saw the 
    Catholic James the II defeated by the Dutch 
    'William of Orange' and the resistance to the 
    Anglo influx was thwarted. The enactment of the 
    Penal Laws in 1704 was an attempt to subjugate 
    the Catholic Gaelic way of life. Catholic mass was 
    outlawed, speaking of the Irish language was 
    discouraged, Gaelic names were anglicized into 
    English.
    
    Attempts by Grattan to establish a parliament in 
    Ireland failed and the century ended with two 
    notable events. The first was the founding of the 
    Orange Order in 1795 which was set up to promote 
    the interests of Protestant English settlers in 
    Ireland, especially in Ulster (the organisation 
    was named after William of Orange who had defeated 
    the Catholic James II). The second event was the 
    failed uprising by Wolfe Tone in 1798. The 
    implementation of the Act of Union in 1801 saw 
    Ireland become part of the United Kingdom.
    
    The Catholic population were finally emancipated 
    in 1829 by Daniel O'Connell ('the Liberator'), and 
    the were now free to practice their religion. The 
    Great Famine of 1845-49 had the effect of further 
    devastating the old Gaelic culture as 1 million 
    people died of hunger while another 1 million 
    emigrated as a result of 'The Great Hunger'.
    
    The Land War instigated by Davitt and Parnell 
    resulted in a recoupment of much of the Irish 
    countryside by the Irish themselves. The exception 
    was in Ulster where the immigrants were in a 
    majority.
    
    It was clear that Ireland was ripe for revolution 
    and in 1916 the Easter Rising set in train the 
    events that lead to the War of Independence and 
    the subsequent Civil War, the cause of which was 
    the refusal by DeValera and his colleagues to 
    accept the Anglo-Irish Treaty which saw the 
    effective partition of the six counties from the 
    rest of Ireland.
    
    The forces of Michael Collins (the pro-treaty 
    'Free State') overcame the anti-treaty forces 
    (the 'irregulars') who fought a guerrilla war 
    before eventually forming the Fianna Fail 
    political party. The Irish constitution was framed 
    by DeValera 1948 saw the declaration of an Irish 
    Republic by Costello. The English government 
    responded to the declaration by the implementation 
    of the Northern Ireland Act, which created 
    Northern Ireland as a separate country, still 
    within the United Kingdom.
    
    The vast majority of Catholics were in the South 
    of Ireland and although the majority of people 
    living with the 6 counties were of Protestant 
    Unionist origin there still existed a large number 
    of Catholics who considered themselves as Irish 
    and nationalist in origin. The main impetus for 
    the start of the 'Troubles' in 1969 was the 
    inequality that the Catholic people felt they were 
    suffering. The Civil Rights movement of the late 
    60's culminated in 'Bloody Sunday' when 13 
    Catholics were shot and killed by English soldiers 
    who had been drafted into the Province by the 
    English government.
    
    The situation was clear and stark. On the one side 
    were the Protestants who saw themselves as English, 
    loyal to the English crown and the Act of Union 
    (Unionists). On the other were the Catholics who 
    were Irish and wanted the removal of the border 
    and union with the Republic (a United Ireland).
    
    The IRA and INLA fought a guerrilla war on behalf 
    of the Nationalist side while the UDA, LVF and UVF 
    did likewise for the Unionist side.
    
    Literally thousands of people died and the 
    communities became even more polarised while 
    successive Governments seemed unwilling or unable 
    to find a solution.
    
    The ceasefire by the paramilitary organisations 
    eventually culminated in the 'Good Friday 
    Agreement' which is the framework upon which the 
    current political process is today based.
    
    The Unionists agreed to share power with the 
    Nationalists in an elected government based in 
    Stormont. In return the paramilitary organisations
    would move towards a situation of demilitarisation 
    and the English soldiers would be withdrawn from 
    the Province. The Irish government would introduce 
    a referendum on the issues in the South which 
    would also see the Irish constitutional claim to 
    the 6 counties removed.
    
    The referendum was overwhelmingly accepted in the 
    South (over 95%) whilst in the North the 
    simultaneous referendum was accepted by over 71%.
    
    Thus was created an entirely new situation where 
    exclusively peaceful means would be employed by 
    all sides. The new government in Ulster worked 
    well until the issue of the decommissioning of 
    weapons saw the suspension of the government on 
    a number of occasions. 
    
    The recent announcement that the IRA have begun 
    this process is a real landmark as it shows the 
    exact moment when the 'ballot box' has finally 
    replaced the 'armalite gun'.
    
    Before we put these events into context let us 
    first name the main parties involved.
    
    SINN FEIN: Represented by Gerry Adams and Martin 
    McGuinness Sinn Fein is the political wing of the 
    IRA who have seen there electoral appeal greatly 
    strengthened by the role they have played in 
    bringing nationalism into the mainstream
    
    THE PARAMILITARIES: The Irish Republican Army 
    (IRA) and the Irish National Liberation Army 
    (INLA) are the main nationalist forces whilst the 
    Ulster Defence Association (UDA), the Loyalist 
    Volunteer Force (LVF) and the Ulster Volunteer 
    Force (UVF) represent the Unionist side. 
    The more militant side of nationalism is 
    represented by the 'Continuity IRA' and the 
    'Real IRA'.
    
    SDLP: The Social Democratic & Labour Party is 
    the more moderate face of nationalism in Ulster 
    which has begun to lose support to Sinn Fein. 
    John Hume was the leader at the time of the Good 
    Friday agreement but he has now retired.
    
    UUP: The Ulster Unionist Party represent the more 
    moderate face of Unionism and have lost some 
    electoral support as a result of their involvement 
    with the new Northern government. David Thrimble is 
    the leader of this party and is the First Minister 
    (the 'Prime Minister') of the Northern Executive 
    (the government).
    
    DUP: The Democratic Unionist Party are the more 
    extreme side of Unionism and contend that too many 
    concession have been made to nationalists in 
    Ulster already. Although the DUP have gained some 
    support at the expense of the UUP recently it is 
    unclear if the recent announcement by the IRA will 
    bolster the UUP and reduce the appeal of this more 
    extreme party. 
    
    ORANGE ORDER: This is a Protestant organisation 
    that holds marches every year, culmination in the 
    July 12th anniversary of the Battle of the Boyne. 
    The standoff at Drumcree where the Orangemen have 
    been refused permission to parade in a 
    nationalist area has been the main focus of the 
    Order in recent years.
    
    THE ENGLISH GOVERNMENT: The Tony Blair led Labour 
    party have shown a willingness to negotiate with 
    the parties in Northern Ireland that the previous 
    Conservative parties did not show. They are 
    represented in Northern Ireland by the Northern 
    Secretary, currently John Reid. They are also 
    responsible for the allocation of British soldiers 
    throughout the Province.
    
    THE IRISH GOVERNMENT: Bertie Ahearn's Fianna Fail 
    party have readily involved themselves in the 
    Peace Process and participated in the North-South 
    bodies which were set up as part of the Good 
    Friday agreement. The new popularity of Sinn Fein 
    in the Republic has caused a potential election 
    problem for Fianna Fail as well as the other 
    mainstream parties (including Fine Gael, Labour 
    and the PDs).
    
    So what does all of this mean today?
    
    Well for the province of Ulster it has seen the 
    quality of life improve dramatically. While there 
    still exists an undercurrent of violence in 
    certain areas it is clear that the bombings have 
    stopped. The old hatreds and bigotries still exist 
    but the people who promote them are becoming more 
    isolated and shown to be extremists, little by 
    little, day by day.
    
    Many of the political leaders in the North have 
    taken great risks in order to promote the peace 
    process while at the same time having the voices 
    of these extremists shouting at them at every 
    turn.
    
    The decision by the IRA to disarm was the last 
    major stumbling block to a lasting peace 
    settlement. Although the process can be 
    completely agonising at times it has so far 
    never failed to progress.
    
    Anyone who has an opinion on these issues has had 
    to re-examine their stance, especially given the 
    fact that the other side are willing to 
    compromise.
    
    Like all negotiations, compromise is what will 
    ultimately win the day.
    
    As one commentator put it:
    
      ' Compromise MUST win the day.
    
      For after all, a child who meets you for the 
      first time does not know if you are Catholic 
      or Protestant but perhaps they do know that both 
      religions are Christian. A surgeon who operates 
      on a bullet wound does not know if you are Orange 
      or Green. All he sees is the red blood. '
    
    Joe Hayden
    
    
    Voice your opinion about this article here:
    
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    THE DISAPPEARANCE OF IRELAND'S HERITAGE 
    				by Robert McElroy
      
    A country's heritage is integral to it's sense of 
    identity, awareness, worth, pedigree and 
    consciousness. Nowhere, is this truer and more 
    pertinent than the Island of Ireland, for we have 
    an abundance of heritage and sites of great wonder 
    and mystique.
    
    This land has been referred to, as a mystical Isle 
    and in ancient times as 'Inis Fail', The Land of 
    destiny.
    
    However, when this truism is being called into 
    question and undermined by powerful forces, 
    lurking like some dreadful ogre from a gory 
    horror story, then we must sit up and take notice!
      
    I shall now elaborate on this, outlining and 
    conveying the plight of Ireland's heritage. A very 
    sad and lamentable state of affairs does it find 
    itself in! 
    
    OUR HERITAGE IS BEING SYSTEMATICALLY DECIMATED.
    
    Thirty four percent has actually been wiped out, 
    with an average of one site being destroyed every 
    decade. The 'crime' is being enacted 
    indiscriminately, but in particular, on Ring Forts 
    and Holy Wells and ancient Churches remains.
      
    Some Ring Forts date to possibly a thousand years 
    B.C. They are remnants of our forefathers who 
    built them with great vigour and skill. It has 
    been argued that they formed some kind of 
    astronomical alignment. This you will agree showed 
    a people with an acute awareness of the world in 
    which they were living. 
      
    The ruins of ancient Churches were places of great 
    reverence, some of which would have been places 
    where learned Scribes congregated, making this 
    Island an oasis of learning and enlightenment in 
    the Dark Ages. One of which, in Co. Tipperary, 
    dating from the 13th century was destroyed last 
    year.
      
    Finally, this 'cultural genocide' has even been 
    inflicted on some megalithic stone cairns, e.g, on 
    Loughcrew Hill, Co. Meath, which again are a 
    legacy of our forefathers and their profound 
    knowledge. These cairns are priceless gems and 
    open the door to our mystical past!
      
    The perpetrators of this wanton destruction and 
    calamity are Farmers and Building Speculators, 
    many of whom are seemingly able to act with 
    impunity. Soon, there will be few heritage sites 
    left! 
    
    Is that what they want? To obliterate the 
    resonances of our past and our ancient 
    forefathers? To scythe-like sear and sever the 
    very soul of our identity? Is this the price that 
    must be paid in the far sweeping, onrushing tide 
    of progress? Like a Ram battering ruthlessly 
    anything that impedes the quick buck!
      
    In conclusion, a Jamaican wise man and Prophet, 
    Marcus Garvey, once uttered these words: 'A people 
    without knowledge of their past history, origin 
    and culture is like a tree without its roots'. Do 
    we want future generations to be afflicted with 
    this woe? That our heritage, Ireland's heritage, 
    is no more? That our children can't behold the 
    wonders of our past? Don't let it happen! Act now 
    and publicise the plight of Ireland's heritage!
      
    Roibeard McElroy    
    
    
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    IRISH QUOTATIONS OF THE MONTH
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    
    Buy now while shops last
    
    Anonymous, Graffiti in Belfast, 1970
    
     With the possible exception of Jerusalem 
     and Mecca, Belfast must be the most 
     religion-conscious city in the world.
    
    Tyrone Guthrie, A life in the Theatre, 1959
    
     I feel a greater kinship with a Protestant from 
     Antrim than I do with a Catholic from Cork
    
    Neil Blaney, View of a Nationalist TD, 1970
    
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